Abstract
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
Introduction
- Bauer K.R.
- Brown M.
- Cress R.D.
- et al.
Methods
Patient Population Studied and Strategies Compared
- 1.BRCA1-like tested by array comparative genomic hybridization (BRCA1-like-aCGH): Women are initially tested for the BRCA1-like profile by aCGH. Those who have a BRCA1-like profile are assigned to the HDAC arm (4-FEC [fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide], followed by 1-CTC [cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin]), and those missing the profile are assigned to standard chemotherapy (5-FEC).
- 2.BRCA1-like tested by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (BRCA1-like-MLPA): MLPA was developed to be more time-efficient, cheaper, and technically less complicated than the aCGH [[27]]. We modeled this strategy exactly as the previous one.
- 3.BRCA1-like-aCGH followed by XIST and 53BP1 (BRCA1-like-aCGH/XIST-53BP1): Women are initially tested with the BRCA1-like-aCGH classifier, as aforementioned. Patients with a BRCA1-like profile are further tested for XIST and 53BP1 expression, and patients with a non–BRCA1-like profile receive standard chemotherapy. XIST expression is detected with an MLPA assay and 53BP1 by immunochemistry. These markers are interpreted together; patients with a BRCA1-like profile with a low expression of XIST and presence of 53BP1 are considered sensitive for HDAC and thus assigned to HDAC. Patients with any other combination of the markers are considered resistant and are assigned to standard chemotherapy.
- 4.BRCA1-like-MLPA followed by XIST and 53BP1 (BRCA1-like-MLPA/XIST-53BP1): This strategy was modeled exactly as the previous one, but by assessing the BRCA1-like status by MLPA.
- 5.Current clinical practice: All women are treated with standard chemotherapy.

Model Input Parameters
Dutch National Center for Health Statistics. Overledenen; belangrijke doodsoorzaken (korte lijst), leeftijd, geslacht. 2013. Available from: http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=7052_95&D1=0-1,7,30-31,34,38,42,49,56,62-63,66,69-71,75,79&D2=0&D3=0&D4=a,!0-28&HD=080509-0829&HDR=G2,G1,G3&STB=T. [Accessed October, 2013].
Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014].
OECD.Stat. OECD (2013). Available from: http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=22519#. [Accessed December 2013].
Parameters | Baseline [Source] | SD [Source] | Distribution | Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | |||||||||
Prevalence BRCA1-like based on MLPA | 68% | [27] | 23% | 27 , 59 | Beta | (2.01, 1.01) | |||
Prevalence BRCA1-like based on aCGH | 68% | [27] | 9% | [59] | Beta | (17.60, 8.41) | |||
Prevalence BRCA1-like/XIST-/53BP1+ based on MLPA | 45% | [15] | 11% | [15] | Beta | (9, 11) | |||
Prevalence BRCA1-like/XIST-/53BP1+ based on aCGH | 39% | [15] | 10% | [15] | Beta | (9, 14) | |||
Clinical effectiveness | |||||||||
PPV of the MLPA BRCA1-like test | 72% | [15] | 23% | 27 , 59 | Beta | (2.01, 0.77) | |||
PPV of the aCGH BRCA1-like test | 72% | [15] | 9% | [59] | Beta | (17.14, 6.54) | |||
PPV of the MLPA BRCA1-like test together with XIST and 53BP1 tests | 100% | [15] | 11% | [15] | Beta | (7, 1) | |||
PPV of the aCGH BRCA1-like test together with XIST and 53BP1 tests | 100% | [15] | 9% | [15] | Beta | (9, 1) | |||
TRR in non BRCA1-like respondents to SC by MLPA | 35% | [15] | 23% | 27 , 59 | Beta | (1.15, 2.14) | |||
TRR in non BRCA1-like respondents to SC by aCGH | 35% | [15] | 9% | [59] | Beta | (9.42, 17.61) | |||
TRR rates in TNBC respondents to SC | 35% | [15] | 9% | [15] | Beta | (9, 17) | |||
Toxic deaths due to HDAC | |||||||||
Septicemia | 0.45% | [27] | 0.32 % | [26] | Beta | (2, 44) | |||
Heart failure | 0.45% | [27] | 0.32 % | [26] | Beta | (2, 44) | |||
Transition probabilities | |||||||||
Relapse free survival | |||||||||
Respondents | Transition probability | 0 | Assum. | - | - | Fixed | - | ||
Nonrespondents | Transition probability year 1–5 | 0.096 | [30] | 0.021 | [30] | Beta | (19.37, 183.38) | ||
Transition probability year >5 | 0.042 | [30] | 0.009 | [30] | Beta | (18.96, 431.25) | |||
Breast cancer specific survival | |||||||||
Respondents and non-respondents | Transition probability year 1 | 0 | Assum. | - | - | Fixed | - | ||
Transition probability year >1 | 0.681 | [30] | 0.042 | [30] | Beta | (83.55, 39.09) | |||
Utilities | |||||||||
HDAC | 0.610 | [33] | 29% | [33] | Normal truncated | (0.61, 0.08) | |||
SC | 0.620 | [32] | 4% | [32] | Normal | (0.62, 0.002) | |||
Relapse | 0.732 | [32] | 3% | [32] | Normal | (0.73, 0) | |||
Disease free survival | 0.779 | [32] | 2% | [32] | Normal | (0.77, 0.001) |
Cost parameters (log normal distribution) | Unit costs | Unit measure | Mean resource use | Mean cost | Source | SD (ln scale) | Source | Parameters (ln scale) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MLPA BRCA1-like test | Direct medical costs | ||||||||
MLPA Kit | €9 | Per sample | 24 | €219 | [28] | - | - | - | |
Laboratory costs | €62 | Per seven samples | 3.4 | €212 | NKI | - | - | - | |
Technician | €25 | Per hour | 5.5 | €137 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Molecular biologist | €40 | Per hour | 1 | €40 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Total per run (n = 18) | - | - | - | €609 | - | - | - | - | |
Total per sample | - | - | - | €34 | - | 0.10 | Assum. | (3.52, 0.10) | |
aCGH BRCA1-like test | Direct medical costs | ||||||||
Labelling Kit (Enzo) | €26 | One reaction | 13 | €342 | [61] | - | - | ||
Laboratory costs | €62 | Per sample | 12 | €750 | NKI | - | - | ||
Technician | €25 | Per hour | 3.4 | €137 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | ||
Molecular biologist | €40 | Per hour | 5.5 | €40 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | ||
Total per run (n = 13) | - | - | - | €1.270 | - | - | - | ||
Total per sample | - | - | - | €106 | - | 0.16 | Assum. | (4.66, 0.03) | |
MLPA XIST test | Direct medical costs | ||||||||
MLPA Kit | €6 | Per sample | 24d | €153 | [28] | - | - | - | |
Laboratory costs | €62 | Per seven samples | 3.4 | €212 | NKI | - | - | - | |
Technician | €25 | Per hour | 5.5 | €137 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Molecular biologist | €40 | Per hour | 1 | €40 | [60] Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Total per run (n = 18) | - | - | - | €543 | - | - | - | - | |
Total per sample | - | - | - | €30 | - | 0.10 | Assum. | (3.41, 0.01) | |
IHC 53BP1 test | Direct medical costs | ||||||||
Hospital costs | €21.72 | Per run | 1 | €21.72 | [35] Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014]. | - | - | ||
Personnel costs | €0.71 | Per run | 1 | €0.71 | [35] Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014]. | - | - | ||
Total per sample | - | - | - | €22 | - | 0.10 | Assum. | (3.11, 0.01) | |
SC (5 FEC) | Direct medical costs | - | - | - | €3.556 | - | - | - | - |
Fluorouracil | €176 | 1800 mg | 2.2 | €390 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Epirubicine | €147 | 100 mg | 7.2 | €1.062 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Cyclophosphamide | €45 | 1080 mg | 3.7 | €167 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Day care | €279 | Day | 5 | €1.393 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Oncologist visit | €109 | Visit | 5 | €544 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Direct non-medical costs | €3 | Day | 5 | €15 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 25 | €6.272 | - | - | - | - | |
Total | - | - | - | €9.844 | - | 0.83 | Assum. | (9.19, 0.69) | |
HDAC (4FEC +1CTC) | |||||||||
4FEC | Direct medical costs | - | - | - | €59.901 | - | - | ||
Fluorouracil | €176 | 1800 mg | 1.8 | €312 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Epirubicine | €147 | 100 mg | 5.8 | €850 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Cyclophosphamide | €45 | 1080 mg | 3 | €134 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Day care | €279 | Day | 4 | €1.114 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Oncologist visit | €109 | Visit | 4 | €435 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
1CTC | Cyclophosphamide | €45 | 1080 mg | 8.9 | €401 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - |
Carboplatin | €117 | 150 mg | 17.1 | €1.996 | [62] Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013]. | - | - | - | |
Thiotepa | €1.021 | 1000 mg | 0.8 | €784 | [63] | - | - | - | |
Day care | €279 | Day | 1 | €279 | [25] | - | - | - | |
PBPCT harvesting | €13.440 | Per patient | 1 | €13.440 | [35] Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
PBPCT | €24.682 | Per patient | 1 | €24.682 | [35] Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Post PBPCT | €15.476 | Per patient | 1 | €15.476 | [35] Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014]. | - | - | - | |
Other | Direct non-medical costs | €3 | Day | 6 | €18 | [25] | - | - | - |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 62 | €15.555 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Total | - | - | - | €75.472 | - | 1.03 | Assum. | (11.23, 1.07) | |
Septicemia | Direct medical costs | €27.330 | Episode | 1 | €27.330 | [64] | - | - | - |
Direct non-medical costs | €3 | Day | 1 | €3 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 20 | €5.018 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Total | - | - | - | €32.501 | - | 0.95 | Assum. | (10.34, 0.91) | |
Heart failure | Direct medical costs | €31.528 | Episode | 1 | €31.528 | [64] | - | - | - |
Direct non-medical costs | €3 | Day | 1 | €3 | [25] | - | - | - | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 6 | €1.505 | [64] | - | - | - | |
Total | - | - | - | €33.036 | 25 , 64 | 0.96 | Assum. | (10.40, 0.91) | |
Disease free state | Direct medical costs | - | - | - | €2.872 | - | - | - | - |
In- and out-patient | €2.793 | Episode | 1 | €2.793 | [65] | 0.17 | [65] | (7.93, 0.03) | |
Drugs | €79 | Episode | 1 | € 79 | [65] | 0.09 | Assum. | (4.37, 0.01) | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 9.4 | €2.352 | [65] | 0.66 | Assum. | (7.76, 0.44) | |
Total | - | - | - | €5.225 | [65] | - | - | - | |
Relapse state | Local relapse | - | - | - | €22.987 | [65] | - | - | - |
Direct medical costs | - | - | - | €14.833 | [65] | - | - | - | |
In- and out-patient | €12.497 | Episode | 1 | €12.497 | [65] | 0.12 | [65] | (9.43, 0.01) | |
Drugs | €2.336 | Episode | 1 | €2.336 | [65] | 0.66 | Assum. | (7.76, 0.44) | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 32.5 | €8.154 | [65] | 0.81 | Assum. | ||
Distant relapse | - | - | - | €23.313 | [65] | - | - | - | |
Direct medical costs | - | - | - | €17.417 | [65] | - | - | - | |
In- and out-patient | €11.645 | Episode | 1 | €11.645 | [65] | 0.10 | [65] | (9.36, 0.01) | |
Drugs | €5.772 | Episode | 1 | €5.772 | [65] | 0.77 | Assum. | (8.66, 0.01) | |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 23.5 | €5.896 | [65] | 0.77 | Assum. | (8.68, 0.60) | |
Total | - | - | - | €23.150 | [65] | - | - | ||
Breast cancer death state | Direct medical costs | €8.296 | Episode | 1 | €8.296 | [65] | 0.81 | Assum. | (9.02, 0.66) |
Loss of productivity costs | €251 | Day | 23.5 | €5.896 | [65] | 0.77 | Assum. | (8.68, 0.60) | |
Total | - | - | - | €14.192 | [65] | - | - | - |
Estimating Decision Uncertainty
Value of Further Research and Research Priorities
Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland (iKNL). Nederlandse Kankerregistratie. Available from: http://www.cijfersoverkanker.nl/over-de-registratie-12.html. [Accessed December 2013].
Research Designs for Further Research
Results
Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness

Value of Further Research and Research Priorities

Research Designs for Further Research

Discussion
US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance documents (medical devices and radiation-emitting products) > guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff—factors to consider when making benefit-risk determinations in medical device premarket approvals and de novo classifications. 2012. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/deviceregulationandguidance/guidancedocuments/ucm267829.htm. [Accessed September 23, 2014].
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary material
Supplementary material
References
- Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California Cancer Registry.Cancer. 2007; 109: 1721-1728
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Breast Cancer v2. NCCN, 2011.
- Strategies for subtypes—dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011.Ann Oncol. 2011; 22: 1736-1747
- ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.Ann Oncol. 2010; 21: v9-14
- Breast Cancer Guideline.Nationaal Borstkanker Overleg Nederland. 2012;
- Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence.Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13: 4429-4434
- Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26: 1275-1281
- A cost-benefit analysis of bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 132: 747-751
- A cost effectiveness study of eribulin versus standard single-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy for women with previously treated metastatic breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013; 137: 187-193
- Cost effectiveness of ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment.J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 2185-2191
- Dissecting the heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer.J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30: 1879-1887
- BRCA1 functions as a differential modulator of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.Cancer Res. 2003; 63: 6221-6228
- Selective induction of chemotherapy resistance of mammary tumors in a conditional mouse model for hereditary breast cancer.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007; 104: 12117-12122
- Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers.N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 123-134
- An aCGH classifier derived from BRCA1-mutated breast cancer and benefit of high-dose platinum-based chemotherapy in HER2-negative breast cancer patients.Ann Oncol. 2011; 22: 1561-1570
- Impact of intertumoral heterogeneity on predicting chemotherapy response of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors.Cancer Res. 2012; 72: 2350-2361
- 53BP1 inhibits homologous recombination in Brca1-deficient cells by blocking resection of DNA breaks.Cell. 2010; 141: 243-254
- 53BP1 loss rescues BRCA1 deficiency and is associated with triple-negative and BRCA-mutated breast cancers.Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010; 17: 688-695
- Early assessment of medical technologies to inform product development and market access: a review of methods and applications.Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2011; 9: 331-347
- Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation. Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK2006
- Improving early cycle economic evaluation of diagnostic technologies.Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014; 14: 491-498
- Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype.Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14: 1368-1376
- Metastatic behavior of breast cancer subtypes.J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28: 3271-3277
- Breast cancer subtypes and the risk of local and regional relapse.J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28: 1684-1691
- Guide for Research Costs—Methods and Standard Cost Prices for Economic Evaluations in Healthcare.Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Health Care Insurance Board. 2010;
- High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for high-risk breast cancer.N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 7-16
- Quantitative copy number analysis by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) of BRCA1-associated breast cancer regions identifies BRCAness.Breast Cancer Res. 2011; 13: R107
- Analysis of pattern, time and risk factors influencing recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer patients.Med Oncol. 2013; 30: 388
- Triple-negative breast cancer: BRCAness and concordance of clinical features with BRCA1-mutation carriers.Br J Cancer. 2013; 108: 2172-2177
- Benefits and risks of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women undergoing treatment for sporadic unilateral breast cancer: a decision analysis.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015; 152: 217-226
Dutch National Center for Health Statistics. Overledenen; belangrijke doodsoorzaken (korte lijst), leeftijd, geslacht. 2013. Available from: http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=7052_95&D1=0-1,7,30-31,34,38,42,49,56,62-63,66,69-71,75,79&D2=0&D3=0&D4=a,!0-28&HD=080509-0829&HDR=G2,G1,G3&STB=T. [Accessed October, 2013].
- Health related quality of life in different states of breast cancer.Qual Life Res. 2007; 16: 1073-1081
- A longitudinal prospective study of health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell transplantation.Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005; 36: 251-259
- Dutch National Health Care Institute. CVZ n.d. cvz.nl. [Accessed 2014].
Dutch Healthcare Authority (NZa.nl). DBC product-finder for tariffs 2014. Available from: http://www.nza.nl/organisatie/. [Accessed February 27, 2014].
- The friction cost method for measuring indirect costs of disease.J Health Econ. 1995; 14: 171-189
OECD.Stat. OECD (2013). Available from: http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=22519#. [Accessed December 2013].
- Calculating partial expected value of perfect information via Monte Carlo sampling algorithms.Med Decis Making. 2007; 27: 448-470
- Prediction of BRCA1-association in hereditary non-BRCA1/2 breast carcinomas with array-CGH.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009; 116: 479-489
Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland (iKNL). Nederlandse Kankerregistratie. Available from: http://www.cijfersoverkanker.nl/over-de-registratie-12.html. [Accessed December 2013].
- Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.JAMA. 2006; 295: 2492-2502
- The molecular portraits of breast tumors are conserved across microarray platforms.BMC Genomics. 2006; 7: 96
- Concordance among gene-expression-based predictors for breast cancer.N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 560-569
- Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.Nature. 2012; 490: 61-70
- SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973–1999.National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD2002
- Incidence and implications of oligometastatic breast cancer. 2012; 30 (Abstract e11512)
- The costs of conducting clinical research.J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21: 4145-4150
- Modeling payback from research into the efficacy of left-ventricular assist devices as destination therapy.Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2007; 23: 269-277
- Value of information analysis used to determine the necessity of additional research: MR imaging in acute knee trauma as an example.Radiology. 2008; 246: 420-425
- A forensic evaluation of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial using the expected value of information approach.Med Care. 2008; 46: 542-548
- Enhanced external counterpulsation for the treatment of stable angina and heart failure: a systematic review and economic analysis.Health Technol Assess. 2009; 13 (iii,iv, ix-xi): 1-90
- The cost-effectiveness of an RCT to establish whether 5 or 10 years of bisphosphonate treatment is the better duration for women with a prior fracture.Med Decis Making. 2009; 29: 678-689
- Economic incentives for evidence generation: promoting an efficient path to personalized medicine.Value Health. 2013; 16: S39-S43
US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance documents (medical devices and radiation-emitting products) > guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff—factors to consider when making benefit-risk determinations in medical device premarket approvals and de novo classifications. 2012. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/deviceregulationandguidance/guidancedocuments/ucm267829.htm. [Accessed September 23, 2014].
- Use of archived specimens in evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009; 101: 1446-1452
- Early stage cost-effectiveness analysis of a BRCA1-like test to detect triple negative breast cancers responsive to high dose alkylating chemotherapy.Breast. 2015; 24: 397-405
- Strategies for efficient computation of the expected value of partial perfect information.Med Decis Making. 2014; 34: 327-342
- Handling input correlations in pharmacoeconomic models.Value Health. 2012; 15: 540-549
VSNU. Collective labour agreement dutch universities , 1 September 2007 to 1 March 2010. The Hague: 2008.
Enzo Life Sciences n.d. http://www.enzolifesciences.com/contact-us/. [Accessed September 23, 2014].
- Disease specific methods for economic evaluations of breast cancer therapies.University of Utrecht. 2013;
Zorginstituut Nederland. Medicijnkosten 2013. http://medicijnkosten.nl/. [Accessed June 9, 2013].
- Cost effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for the treatment of severe sepsis in the United Kingdom.Anaesthesia. 2005; 60 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04068.x): 155-162
- Costs of heart failure-related hospitalizations in patients aged 18 to 64 years.Am J Manag Care. 2010; 16: 769-776
- Resource use and costs associated with different states of breast cancer.Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2007; 23 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266462307070328): 223-231
Article info
Publication history
Identification
Copyright
User license
Elsevier user license |
Permitted
For non-commercial purposes:
- Read, print & download
- Text & data mine
- Translate the article
Not Permitted
- Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works
- Redistribute or republish the final article
- Sell or re-use for commercial purposes
Elsevier's open access license policy